The Province has borders totaling 1,340km in length that are shared with the People’s Republic of China in the south (for 485 km), Dornogovi Province to the west (165km), Khentii Province to the north (260 km) and Dornod Province to the northeast (430km).
Sukhbaatar Province lies in the southern parts of the Great Eastern Plains of Mongolia and belongs to the steppe region. Most of the territory in the province is at an elevation of 1,000 to 1,200 m sea level. The highest point, Shillin Bogd Mountain, has an elevation of 1,778m while the lowest point, Baishint Region, has an elevation of 790m above sea level.
Sukhbaatar Province is considered to be a arid region with limited availability of surface water, with no rivers of constant flow. However, it does have about 20 small lakes, and 200 springs and streams, including Khavirgyn Bulag, [Talbulag], Aryn Nuur, Rashaant, Ereen Tolgoi, Dalai Bulag, Gashuun, Tsavchir, Uvdug, Modongiin Khudag, Tsagaan Bulag etc.
The province has many unique and scenic places. About 200 extinct volcanoes exist in Dariganga soum. The 127 to 248 km2 Ongon and Moltsog sand dunes stretch through the Dariganga and Ongon soum. The strictly protected Lkhanchinvandad Mountain is also located in this province in the Erdenetsagaan soum. The province has many caves including some 70 in Bayan Uul in Munkhkhaan soum, Bayandulaan and Talyn caves located in Naran and Dariganga soums. Ancient animal and plant fossils can be found in Baishint, Khodoodiin Govi, and Khorgoljingiin Tal, and vast areas exist with stone formations including Log, Budar, Zaraa, Turungu, Delgerkhaan and Khargiltai.
Mostly white antelopes and marmots inhabit the area. The area also contains species such as the Mongolian wolf, fox, steppe fox, badger, wildcat, skunk, rabbit, gopher, porcupine and black-tailed antelope. Khar Yamat area of Tumentsogt soum in the northern parts of the province, Lkhanchinvandad, Aratyn Mountain area of Erdenetsagaan soum in the southern parts are a home to a deer and a roe deer. Argali – the mountain wild sheep inhabits the rocks of Burentsogt.