Khovd Province has immense area that embraces the Altai Mountain range and Mongolian Altai Mountains. The province has many large mountains like Munkh Khairkhan, Khukh Serkh Range, Baatar Khairkhan and Myangan Ugalzat, and 20 percent of the province territory is Gobi. In the mountainous areas sedimentary rocks from the early Cambrian period exist, while in the southern parts of the province sedimentary rocks from quaternary period are widely spread. The province is rich in natural and construction mineral materials such as coal (Khundlun), mica (Bodonch), crystal (Ooshigiin Us, Tsagaantolgoi). Big rivers like the Khovd, Buyant, Bulgan, Chonokharaikh, Tsenkher flow through the province. Small and large lakes such as Khar-Us, Khar, Durgun and Tsetseg, exist in this region. Also, there are many springs like Nevt, Bulgan and Indert.
Khovd Province has an extreme climate. Summer temperature can reach +400C, while winter temperatures can drop down to -300C. The high mountain region with rock cliffs is covered with alpine soil, while the northern part of the province is covered with white-brown soil and the southern part with Gobi gray soil. Many species of globally endangered animals inhabit this region including the wild ass, two humped wild camel and saiga antelope. Bulgan River and Khukh Serkh Mountain area are recorded as strictly protected areas.